FATHER-SON CHIEF MINISTER

FATHER-SON CM

1.MULAYAM SINGH YADAV(FORMER CM,UP)from SAMAJWADI PARTY   [FATHER]

   AKHILESH YADAV              (CURRENT CM,UP)from SAMAJWADI PARTY  [SON]

2.BIJU PATNAIK (FORMER CM,ORISSA)from BIJU JANTA DAL  [FATHER]

   NAVEEN PATNAIK(CURRENT CM,ORRISSA)from BIJU JANTA DAL [SON]

3.HEMWATI NANDAN BAHUGUNA(FORMER CM,UP)from INC  [FATHER]

   VIJAY BAHUGUNA(CURRENT CM,UTTRAKHAND)from INC  [SON]

4.SHEIKH ABDULLAH(FORMER CM,JAMMU AND KASHMIR)from NC [FATHER OF      FAROOQ ABDULLAH]

FAROOQ ABDULLAH(FORMER CM,JAMMU AND KASHMIR)from NC  [FATHER]

   UMAR ABDULLAH(CURRENT CM,JAMMU AND KASHMIR)from NC  [SON]

5.SHANKARRAO CHAVAN(FORMER CM,MAHARASTRA)from INC [FATHER]

   ASHOK CHAVAN (FORMER CM,MAHARASTRA)from INC [SON]

6.H.D. DEVE GODA(FORMER CM,KARNATAKA)from  JD(S)  [FATHER]

   H.D. KUMARASWAMY (FORMER CM,KARNATKA)from JD(S)  [SON]

TAJ MAHAL

TAJ MAHAL

Year of Starting of Construction	1631 A.D
Year of Completion	1654 A.D
Architects	Ustad Isa, Isa Mohammad Khan, Qazim Khan, Amanat Khan and Mir Abdul Hakim among others.
Commissioner	Mogul Emperor Shah Jahan Alamgir
Workforce	More than 22,000
Architecture	Indo-Islamic; a blend of Indian and Persian
Estimated Cost	2 Million Dollars (Inflation Unadjusted)
Height of Dome	35 Meters
Height of Minarets	40 Meters
Circumference	30 Meters
Length of Pedestal	55 Meters
Breadth of Pedestal	55 Meters

Emperor Shah Jahan himself described the Taj in these words

Should guilty seek asylum here,
Like one pardoned, he becomes free from sin.
Should a sinner make his way to this mansion,
All his past sins are to be washed away.
The sight of this mansion creates sorrowing sighs;
And the sun and the moon shed tears from their eyes.
In this world this edifice has been made;
To display thereby the creator's glory.

Built by the legendary Moghul emperor Shah Jahan for the love of his life, the Taj Mahal inspires a romatic tale that rivals Romeo and Juliet.

Located in Agra, this magnificent structure has deservedly earned itself a place on every list from UNESCO’s Most Treasured Heritage Sites to the Seven Wonders of the World. While almost everyone has heard of it, there are still plenty of little details that have eluded the public eye. 

Here are ten lesser-known facts about one of the world’s most spectacular buildings:

Fact One: The Taj Mahal appears pink in the morning, white in the day and changes its color to golden in the moon light.


Fact Two: The pillars surrounding Taj Mahal are slightly tilted outwards so that in the event of an earthquake they will fall away from the tomb.


Fact Three: An identical Taj Mahal was supposed to be built in black marble instead of white. The base of it can still be seen across the river.


Fact Four: Over 1,000 elephants were used to transport building materials during the construction of the Taj Mahal.


Fact Five: 28 types of precious and semi-precious stones were inlaid into the white marble that was used to construct this magnificent work of architecture.


Fact Six: The Taj Mahal is perfectly symmetrical in every way, except for one thing--the two tombs inside are not equal in size. This is because the male tomb had to be larger than the female tomb.


Fact Seven: The Taj Mahal cost about Rs. 32 million, which in today's money would probably exceed $1 billion!


Fact Eight: It took 22 years and 22,000 people to build this structure.


Fact Nine: Emperor Shah Jahan ordered that every worker's hands be chopped off immediately after construction, so that no one could ever recreate the Taj Mahal.


Fact Ten: Despite being the creation of a Moghul king, the architecture of Taj Mahal was globally inspired. It's a fusion of Persian, Central Asian and Islamic architecture. 

INDIAN RAILWAY FACT

INDIAN RAILWAY

• The total distance covered by the 14,300 trains on the Indian Railways everyday, equals three & half times the distance to moon
• The first train on Indian soil ran between Bombay and Thane on the 16th of April 1853
• IR has about 63,028 route kms. of track
• IR employs about 1.55 million people
• It carries over 13 million passengers & 1.3 million tones of freight everyday
• It runs about 14,300 trains daily
• IR has about 7,000 railway stations
• The longest platform in the world is at Kharagpur and is 2,733 ft. in length
• Nehru Setu on Sone River is the longest Railway bridge
• 42 Railway companies operated in the country before independence
• Electric Locomotives are manufactured at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, Chittaranjan
• Coaches are manufactured at ICF/Chennai, RCF/Kapurthala and BEML/Bangaluru
• The national Rail Museum at New Delhi was set-up in 1977
• People Employed in Indian Railway are about 1.6 million
• Stations across State Lines are Navapur (Maharashtra and Gujarat) and Bhawani Mandi (Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan)
• Classes of travel on Indian Railway: Ist AC, 2nd AC, 3rd AC, AC Chair Car IInd sleeper & IInd ordinary
• Railway Station with all the Three Gauges is Siliguri Railway Station

First/Longest/Oldest in Indian Railways

First Passenger Train Ran On	16th April 1853 (between Bombay to Thane)
First Railway Bridge	Dapoorie Viaduct on the Mumbai-Thane route
First Rail Tunnel	Parsik Tunnel
First Ghats Covered by the Rail lines	Thal and Bhore Ghats
First Underground Railway	Calcutta METRO
First Computerized Reservation System started in	New Delhi (1986)
First Electric Train ran on	3rd Feb' 1925 (between Bombay VT and Kurla)
Toilets on Trains were introduced in	1891 (1st Class) & 1907 (lower classes)
Shortest Station Name	Ib (Orissa)
Longest Station Name	Sri Venkatanarasimharajuvariapeta (Tamil Nadu)
Busiest Railway Station	Lucknow (64 trains everyday)
Longest Run (Time)	Vivek Express (3715 km in Approx 71 hrs)
Shortest Run	Route between Nagpur to Ajni (3km)
Longest Run for Daily Train	Kerala Express (3054 km in 42.5 hrs)
Longest Non-Stop Run (Distance)	Trivandrum Rajdhani (528 km in 6.5 hrs)
Longest Railway Platform in the World	Kharagpur (2,733 ft in length)
Longest Railway Bridge	Nehru Setu on Sone River (10044ft in length)
Longest Tunnel	Karbude On Konkan Railway between Monkey hill & Khandala (6.5 km)
Oldest Preserved Locomotive	Fairy Queen (1855), still in working order
Indian Railway's Fastest Train	Bhopal-Shatabdi (runs at a speed up to 140 Km/ph)
Train with Maximum Number of Halts	Howrah-Amritsar Express (115 halts)

AMAZING FACT ABOUT INDIA 2

• The name 'India' is derived from the River Indus, the valleys around which were the home of the early settlers. The Aryan worshippers referred to the river Indus as the Sindhu.
• The Persian invaders converted it into Hindu. The name 'Hindustan' combines Sindhu and Hindu and thus refers to the land of the Hindus
• Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies, which originated in India.
• The world's highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. Built in 1893 after leveling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level
• Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
• India exports software to 90 countries.
• Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively.
• Islam is India's and the world's second largest religion.
• Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively
• Sikhism originated in the Holy city of Amritsar in Punjab. Famous for housing the Golden Temple, the city was founded in 1577.

AMAZING FACT ABOUT INDIA

• India is the world's largest, oldest, continuous civilization.
• India is the world's Largest democracy.
• India never invaded any country in her last 1000 years of history.
• India invented the number system. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
• When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)
• There are 300,000 active mosques in India , more than in any other country, including the Muslim world
• Sanskrit is the mother of all the European Languages . Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software - a report in Forbes magzine July 1987.
• Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was invented in India.
• India is one of the few countries in the world, which gain independence without violence.
• India has the second largest pool of Scientist and Engineers in the World.
• India is the largest English speaking nation in the world.
• India is the only country other than US and Japan, to have built a super computer indeigenously.
• India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world
• One of the largest employer in the world is the Indian Railways , employing over a million people
• India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India's wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.
• The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982
• The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world's largest religious pilgrimagedestination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.
• Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called "the Ancient City" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
• Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries.
• Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.